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- HamComm
- Version 2.3
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- February 5th 1994
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- W. F. Schroeder
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- DL5YEC
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- HamComm 2.3 Table of Contents
-
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- Table of Contents
-
-
- 1 Introduction ........................................... 1
- 2 Trial Use License ....................................... 1
- 3 Exclusion of warranty ................................... 2
- 4 System requirements ..................................... 2
- 5 Installation ........................................... 3
- 6 Startup ................................................. 3
- 7 Config file HC.CFG ..................................... 4
- 8 Screen layout ........................................... 4
- 9 Help system ............................................. 5
- 10 Interface schematics ................................... 5
- 11 Receive circuit ....................................... 5
- 12 PTT circuit ........................................... 6
- 13 Transmit circuit ....................................... 6
- 14 External converter ..................................... 7
- 15 External AFSK ......................................... 7
- 16 Signal decoding ....................................... 8
- 17 Macro keys ............................................. 8
- 18 Macro files ........................................... 9
- 19 SHIP/SYNOP decoder ..................................... 9
- 20 Scope function ........................................ 12
- 21 Spectrum function .................................... 13
- 22 Bitlength statistics .................................. 15
- 23 Converter checkout .................................... 16
- 24 Port address .......................................... 16
- 25 Op-Amp power supply .................................. 18
- 26 IRQ number ............................................ 20
- 27 Appendix A - Interface schematics .................... 21
- 28 Appendix B - Key assignment summary .................. 22
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- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
-
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- HamComm is a program for ham radio communications. Version
- 2.2 supports reception and transmission of amateur radio
- teletype and Morse code signals. Weather station reports in
- the SHIP and SYNOP format can also be decoded.
-
- A converter or modem chip is not required. The audio output
- of the receiver is connected to the serial port of any
- PC/XT/AT compatible computer thru a very simple and low-cost
- circuit. Only one IC is needed (Op-Amp LM741 or similar) and
- a few diodes, capacitors and resistors. The supply current
- is drawn from the serial port. For transmission the audio
- signal from the speaker or serial port is connected to the
- microphone input of the transmitter thru a passive R/C
- filter. Audio frequency generation and decoding,
- serial/parallel conversion and all other signal processing is
- done by the program.
-
-
- 2. Trial Use License
-
- HamComm 2.3 is NOT a public domain program.
-
- Copyright (c) 1990,1991,1992,1993 and 1994 by W. F. Schroeder.
- All rights reserved.
-
- You are hereby granted a limited license to use this software
- for evaluation purposes for a period of 30 days. If you
- intend to continue using this software after the 30 day
- evaluation period, you must make a registration payment of
- $20 or DM30 to:
-
- W. F. Schroeder
- Augsburger Weg 63
- D-33102 Paderborn
- Germany
-
-
- Please note: the bank will charge up to $5 to cash a cheque
- from a foreign country. For this reason please send
- banknotes or add another $5 to your cheque.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 1 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
-
-
- 3. Exclusion of warranty
-
- The author provides absolutely no warranty, to the extent
- permitted by applicable state law. Except when otherwise
- stated in writing, the author and/or other parties provide
- this program "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either
- expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the
- implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
- particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and
- performance of the program is with you. Should the program
- prove defective, you assume the cost of all necessary
- servicing, repair or correction.
-
- In no event unless required by applicable law will the author
- and/or any other party who may modify and/or redistribute
- this program be liable to you for damages, including any lost
- profits, lost monies, or other special, incidental or
- consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to
- use (including but not limited to loss of data or data being
- rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by third parties or a
- failure of the program to operate with any other programs)
- this program, even if you have been advised of the
- possibility of such damages, or for any claim by any other
- party.
-
-
- 4. System requirements
-
- HamComm 2.3 will run under MS-DOS 3.x or higher on any
- PC/XT/AT-compatible computer with at least 320KB of free
- memory. A harddisk is recommended. Because of the size of
- the program file there may be not enough space to copy all
- required files onto a 720KB diskette. On slow systems, e.g.
- 8088 CPU, some functions may not work as expected or may not
- work at all.
-
- HamComm will automatically detect the type of video adapter
- in use. MDA, CGA, EGA, VGA and Hercules are supported. The
- graphics display functions are not available on MDAs since
- the MDA has no graphics mode. No attempt has been made to
- avoid screen flicker (snow) on cheap CGAs.
-
- HamComm will probably not run under any kind of multitasking
- software like Desqview, Windows, Windows NT or OS/2 since it
- needs direct control of the interrupt controller, timer chip
- and serial I/O hardware.
-
-
-
- - 2 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- 5. Installation
-
- For installation on a harddisk you should create a
- subdirectory HAMCOMM and CD to that directory. HamComm is
- distributed as a .ZIP or .EXE file. To unpack a .ZIP file
- you need a program like UNZIP or PKUNZIP. The .EXE version
- is a 'self-extracting archive' that contains all the files
- and a build-in unpack program. In both cases the files will
- be created in the current directory.
-
- Please read the files README, HC.CFG and CHANGES !
-
-
- 6. Startup
-
- To start HamComm type HC at the DOS prompt and hit ENTER.
- The interface circuit is not needed if you just want to play
- with the program.
-
- HamComm normally uses the currently selected video mode. If
- you have an EGA or VGA card with an EGA/VGA monitor you can
- also switch to 43 or 50 lines. Try option -L43 to switch to
- 43 lines on EGA/VGA cards or -L50 for 50 lines on VGA cards.
- If the card already is in one of these modes, option -L25
- selects 25 lines.
-
- Many SuperVGA cards have special text modes e.g. 80x60 or
- 132x44. Activate the desired mode before starting HamComm.
- Most cards come with a utility program to do this. Only the
- modes where the video display buffer starts at segment B800
- are supported.
-
- HamComm assumes that the original PC display character set
- known as "codepage 437" is active.
-
- On startup the program identifies the video card and monitor
- in use and automatically selects the graphics mode for
- highest resolution. Some program functions require a
- graphics mode for display of the input signal. The
- identification may fail because of compatibility problems.
- By selecting one of the following commandline options HamComm
- can be forced to use the specified mode:
-
- Option Mode Resolution
-
- -cga 6 640x200 2-color
- -ega 10h 640x350 16-color
- -vga 12h 640x480 16-color
- -herc Hercules 720x348 2-color
-
-
- - 3 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- If you have a computer with LCD display and readability is
- poor try the following DOS command before starting HamComm:
-
- mode bw80
-
- The 'mode' program is supplied with MS-DOS and is used here
- to switch to black and white mode.
-
-
- 7. Config file HC.CFG
-
- When HamComm is started the program automatically searches
- for a configuration file called "HC.CFG". The current
- directory is searched first, then all other directories along
- the current "PATH". The supplied HC.CFG file is an ASCII
- text file and can be sent to a printer or changed with a text
- editor. Please take the time to read it carefully and make
- the required adjustments for your system. At least you
- should substitute DL5YEC with your own callsign.
-
- HC.CFG includes explanations and examples for all available
- configuration commands. It is only special in that it is
- executed automatically on program startup. You can also
- write your own .CFG files and execute them from the FILE menu
- while running HamComm. This could be used to set several
- parameters like baud and shift to special values in one step.
- You could also build a set of .CFG files for loading standard
- texts in different languages. In combination with the macro
- keys they could then be loaded with a single key.
-
-
- 8. Screen layout
-
- HamComm has an SAA-like user interface with pull-down menus,
- dialog boxes and online helptexts. The menu bar at the top
- of the screen is always visible while the display is in text
- mode. The bottom line has information about the currently
- selected menu item.
-
- Every name on the menu bar has a highlighted character.
- Press and hold the ALT key and type that character to select
- the corresponding menu. The cursor-left and cursor-right
- keys can now be used to switch to the previous/next menu.
- Use the cursor-up and cursor-down keys to move to the desired
- function and hit the ENTER key.
-
- Every menu line also has a highlighted character. Typing
- that character (without the ALT key) will get you directly to
- the corresponding function.
-
-
- - 4 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- Some frequently used menu entries have been assigned to
- function keys. The F8 key for example activates the SCOPE
- function.
-
- The ESC key can be used at any time to abort the menu
- selection.
-
-
- 9. Help system
-
- The ALT-H and F1 keys both start the help system but show
- different kinds of information. The ALT-H key displays
- general information about the program, the F1 key displays a
- help text specific to the current situation.
-
-
- 10. Interface schematics
-
- The interface schematics are included in the online help
- texts.
-
- 1. Start the program,
- 2. Hit ALT-H to start the help subsystem,
- 3. Hit the letter 'O' to select topic 'Overview',
- 4. Hit the TAB key to select topic 'Converter' and hit return,
- 5. Scroll the help text using the cursor-up/cursor-down keys
- and read the text.
-
- Hit ESC to leave the help system.
-
- See also appendix A for a plain ASCII version.
-
-
- 11. Receive circuit
-
- The operational amplifier (OpAmp) is used to bring the audio
- signal from the receiver up to RS232 level. The supply
- current is drawn from the DTR and RTS pins of the serial
- port. The four diodes (1N4148 or similar) of the receive
- circuit form a standard bridge rectifier. The 1uF capacitors
- are used for buffering.
-
- The input signal amplitude should be at least 100mVpp. The
- 100nF capacitor removes any DC bias. Since the OpAmp runs
- with maximum gain there will be a (more or less) rectangular
- waveform at its output. It should have an amplitude of at
- least +/-5V to reliably drive the RS232 input.
-
-
-
-
- - 5 -
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- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- The operational amplifier LM741 was choosen because it is
- inexpensive and widely available. However with todays
- technology its electrical characteristics are not impressive.
- An LF356 or TL071 for example is much faster and has a higher
- input resistance. If you want to substitute a different
- opamp type, keep in mind that the serial port can only
- deliver a supply current of a few milliamperes.
-
-
- 12. PTT circuit
-
- The RTS output of the COM port is not only used to provide
- the supply current for the opamp, but also to key the
- transmitter. A Diode is used to protect the base of the PTT
- transistor against the negative voltage of the RTS output in
- receive mode. The resistor is required to limit the base
- current. In transmit mode the RTS and DTR pins change
- polarity. RTS is now positive and the transistor pulls the
- PTT line to ground. This circuit has been tested with an
- FT747, FT757GXII and a TS440S. On some old rigs there may be
- a high voltage on the PTT line. The required current to key
- the transmitter may also be too high for a small transistor,
- so better check BEFORE connecting it to the computer.
-
-
- 13. Transmit circuit
-
- AFSK tone signals for transmission are available at two
- places:
-
- 1. at the speaker connector
- 2. at the serial port.
-
- With many motherboards one side of the speaker is connected
- to the +5Volt supply thru a resistor, the other side is
- pulled to ground by a transistor. In contrast to most other
- areas of the PC's hardware there is no standard design for
- the speaker output, so there may be variations. In general
- one side of the speaker will be near ground or +5Volt, while
- the other side has a square-wave signal. This signal is fed
- to two R/C filters to smooth it out. The microphone input is
- very sensitive so a variable resistor is used for attenuation
- and a capacitor to remove any DC.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 6 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- If you don't want to make any modifications to the PC or if
- the speaker output is not accessible, you can also get an
- AFSK signal from the TxD pin of the COM port. The
- frequencies are not quite as accurate as at the speaker
- output and will often deviate by 5 to 10Hz, but this usually
- gives no problems. The signal level at the TxD pin is much
- higher than at the speaker output, so you probably have to
- change the component values for the R/C filter and the
- attenuator a bit.
-
-
- 14. External converter
-
- An option "External Converter" is available on the "Keying"
- menu. It can also be controlled by the ALT-F9/ALT-F10 keys.
- If this option is enabled, a mark/space signal from an
- external converter or modem chip is expected at the CTS pin
- of the COM port. Please note that the normal interface is
- still required. There will be no reception if it is not
- connected or doesn't get the audio signal from the receiver.
- Connect the input of the converter and the input of the
- HamComm interface in parallel to the receiver output.
-
- Filter converter for RTTY are normally designed to
- differentiate between two tones. For CW reception a kind of
- tone decoder is required that can tell the tone from noise.
-
-
- 15. External AFSK
-
- AFSK tones for transmission are normally available at the
- speaker output or the TxD pin of the COM port. If you don't
- want to use those signals for whatever reason, you can find
- an FSK signal at the DTR pin of the COM port. For RTTY
- transmission DTR is negative for 'mark' state and positive
- for 'space' state. In CW mode DTR is negative for 'no-tone'
- and positive for 'tone'. During reception DTR is always
- positive.
-
- Note that in receive mode the RTS pin is negative and always
- positive during transmissions. It can thus be used to gate
- the DTR signal for keying a transmitter in CW mode.
-
- If you attach any additional components to these pins please
- keep in mind that the DTR/RTS signals supply the power for
- the OpAmp.
-
-
-
-
-
- - 7 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- 16. Signal decoding
-
- The amplified audio signal is connected to the DSR modem
- status input of the serial port where every zero crossing
- generates an interrupt. HamComm determines the time between
- successive interrupts using the PCs timer chip and calculates
- the corresponding tone frequency. Due to the timer
- resolution of about one microsecond the result is quite
- accurate and constitutes the base for all further signal
- processing.
-
- For RTTY decoding the tone is compared to the currently
- selected center frequency to decide wether this is a 'mark'
- or 'space' signal. The mark/space signal is sampled at the
- proper time according to the current baud rate collecting all
- bits of a character.
-
- For CW decoding the program has to differentiate the tone
- from noise. To be regarded a valid signal the tone has to be
- between the currently selected mark/space frequencies for a
- certain amount of time. The program maintains a floating
- average of the length of the dots and dashes to adjust to
- varying speeds.
-
- When the character is complete it is converted to ASCII code
- and displayed in the RX window.
-
-
- 17. Macro keys
-
- A macro key can be used to replay a previously recorded
- sequence of keystrokes. The digits on the top row of the
- keyboard are used as macro keys while the ALT key is
- depressed. They are normally located right above the
- QWERTY... row. Do not confuse these keys with the numeric
- keypad!
-
- In the beginning there are no keystrokes assigned to the
- macro keys, so pressing ALT-1, ALT-2...ALT-9 or ALT-0 has no
- effect. To start recording, select item 'Macro recorder'
- from the FILE menu. A message box will appear confirming
- that recording has been started. When the ENTER key is hit,
- the message box will go away and from now on up to 250
- keystrokes will be recorded along with normal processing. A
- blinking "! RECORDING !" message is shown at the lower right
- corner of the screen to remind you that the recorder is still
- active.
-
-
-
-
- - 8 -
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- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- Now hit one of the macro keys to stop recording and to assign
- the keystroke sequence to that key. This also replaces any
- previous assignment. A message box will appear to confirm
- that macro recording has terminated. Every time the macro
- key is hit the recorded keystroke sequence will be replayed
- just like it had been typed again.
-
- To terminate recording without changing any macro key just
- select 'Macro recorder' again from the FILE menu. A message
- box will appear to confirm that macro recording has been
- canceled.
-
- To clear a macro key start recording in the usual way and
- directly after that hit the key to clear. This will erase
- any previous recording assigned to that macro key. Again a
- message box will confirm the result.
-
-
- 18. Macro files
-
- Macro definitions can be saved to a file by selecting "Save
- macros" from the FILE menu. The usual file select box pops
- up with a suggested .MAC file type. All recorded keystroke
- sequences will be saved to the selected file.
-
- To load a .MAC file select "Load macros" from the FILE menu.
- All macro definitions found in the selected file will be
- added to or replace the current assignments. Macro keys that
- didn't hold any keystrokes at the time the file was written,
- will not be changed when the file is loaded.
-
- There is also a way to automatically load your favourite
- macros definitions. When HamComm is started it searches for
- the default macro file HC.MAC, first in the current
- directory, then in every directory along the PATH.
-
-
- 19. SHIP/SYNOP decoder
-
- Weather reports are transmitted by many stations troughout
- the world, 24 hours a day. If you live in europe try to copy
- Quickborn Meteo (near Hamburg, Germany) on 4583, 7646 and
- 11638kHz, or Bracknell (UK) around 4488kHz. In north america
- try CFH (Halifax, Nova Scotia) on 4271, 6496.5 and 10536kHz.
- There are many others between 4000 and 5000kHz.
- Transmissions are normally in Baudot, 425Hz shift, 50 or 75
- baud.
-
-
-
-
- - 9 -
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- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- The SYNOP format is used for reports from land stations, SHIP
- format is used for reports from ships and other maritime
- vessels. The messages include data about temperature, wind
- speed/direction, cloud cover, precipitation, dew-point,
- pressure and other meteorological information. SHIP reports
- also include the current position of the vessel.
-
- Land stations are identified by a five-digit station number.
- These are fixed stations, so their geographical position is
- not transmitted with a SYNOP report. To give you a better
- idea where the reporting station is located, HamComm comes
- with a list of about 10000 station numbers, names and
- geographical position. The program will automatically pick
- the correct entry from this list while decoding a SYNOP
- report.
-
- A typical message looks like this:
-
- zczc 548
- sien42 edzw 141500
- aaxx 14154
- 01465 42889 42715 10084 20022 40159 52033 81048=
- 02060 41480 40000 11088 21113 40060 52035 72272
- 83530 333 83694=
- nnnn
-
- This is what you get if the SHIP/SYNOP decoder ist switched
- off.
-
- The first line of a message starts with zczc and a
- three-digit transmission sequence number. The second line is
- a header describing the following information. Here 'sien42'
- indicates a "synoptic report at intermediate hours" for
- northern europe, 'edzw' is the international four-letter
- location indicator of the station originating or compiling
- the bulletin and '141500' means 3pm UTC on day 14 of the
- current month. 'aaxx' is the indicator for SYNOP reports,
- 'nnnn' marks the end of a message.
-
- There are other formats in use for different kinds of
- information. Currently HamComm only supports decoding of
- SHIP and SYNOP reports. A message may contain one or more
- reports separated by = characters. Explaining the reports in
- detail is beyond the scope of this manual.
-
-
-
-
-
-
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- - 10 -
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- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- With the WX decoder switched on (from the TEXT menu) the same
- message looks like this:
-
- zczc [start] 548 [message 548]
- sien42 [Synoptic reports at intermediate hours (SYNOP, SHIP)]
- [Northern Europe]
- edzw [Offenbach (MET/COM Centre)]
- 141500 [day:14 UTC:1500]
- aaxx [SYNOP]
- 14154 [day:14 UTC:1500]
- [Wind speed obtained from anemometer (knots)]
-
- 01465 [Norway, 58°24'N 008°48'E TORUNGEN (LGT-H)]
- 42889 [manned] [cloud height:2000-2500m] [visibility:75km]
- 42715 [cloud cover:4/8] [wind dir:270 deg, speed:15]
- 10084 [air temp:+8.4]
- 20022 [dew-point temp:+2.2]
- 40159 [pressure at sea level:1015.9hPa]
- 52033 [pressure:increasing] [change in 3h:3.3hPa]
- 81048 [cloud info]
-
- =
- 02060 [Sweden, 68°41'N 021°32'E NAIMAKKA]
- 41480 [manned] [cloud height:300-600m] [visibility:30km]
- 40000 [cloud cover:4/8] [wind dir:calm, speed:0]
- 11088 [air temp:-8.8]
- 21113 [dew-point temp:-11.3]
- 40060 [pressure at sea level:1006.0hPa]
- 52035 [pressure:increasing] [change in 3h:3.5hPa]
- 72272 [past wx: snow, or rain & snow mixed,
- cloud cover > 1/2 of sky]
- [wx now: Snow]
- 83530 [cloud info]
- 333 [section 3]
- 83694 [clouds:3/8, stratocumulus, 1000-1500m]
-
- nnnn [EOM]
-
- HamComm displays the incoming text just as before. The WX
- decoder watches the characters go by, waiting for certain
- keywords like zczc (start of msg), aaxx (SYNOP report), bbxx
- (SHIP report) and nnnn (end of msg) to synchronize with an
- incoming message. If it thinks it knows what the text is
- about, it starts to insert comments. The comments are
- surrounded by square brackets and therefore easily
- distinguished from the normal text (there are no square
- brackets in the Baudot character set).
-
-
-
-
- - 11 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- There are other ways to build a SHIP/SYNOP decoder. It could
- collect all data for a report and then display the result in
- a nicely formatted way. However, there is a problem. The
- kind of RTTY transmission used for these reports has no error
- correction, not even error detection. It's hard to
- automatically classify a message as ok or garbled. For
- example: if the program says there are +30 degrees celsius in
- Greenland and it's december, you will hopefully not buy that.
- HamComm has no idea where Greenland is and not the foggiest
- about the climate there, so it can't catch that type of
- error.
-
- The program displays the incoming text as received, so you
- can see if there is garbage coming in. Usually it is quite
- obvious if the input is bad. With a WX decoder working like
- a 'black box' it is sometimes very hard to see how it came to
- its conclusions and what to believe or not.
-
-
- 20. Scope function
-
- In RX mode the tone decoder routine calculates the current
- signal frequency for use by other parts of the program. The
- SCOPE function uses this value to display a graph of the
- input frequency vs. time. This is the blue line on the
- SCOPE screen.
-
- The tone decoder also maintains a floating average frequency.
- The effect is very similar to a low-pass filter and is used
- for noise reduction. The result is displayed at the top of
- the screen as a red line.
-
- The solid green line marks the currently selected center
- frequency and the dotted lines above and below show the mark
- and space tones. For RTTY reception the center line should
- be in the middle between the mark and space tones. For CW
- reception the signal should match the center frequency. All
- signals outside the area marked by the dotted lines are
- ignored.
-
-
-
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- - 12 -
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- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- The display can be controlled with the following keys:
-
- F1 display help screen
- F10 activate menu bar
- ESC same as F10
- '+' toggle display of decoded signal
- '*' toggle grid display
- 'B' toggle position of red line
- HOME reset sample rate to 1ms
- PG-UP sample rate faster
- PG-DOWN sample rate slower
- ENTER hold display immediately
-
- The right mouse button holds the display at the end of the
- current sweep. The left mouse button activates the menu bar
- just like F10.
-
- The red line (input signal after low-pass) is normally
- displayed at the top of the screen to not interfere with the
- blue line. In its second position it will overlay the blue
- line to compare the two signals.
-
- Display of the decoded signal is normally disabled. It can
- be found at the bottom of the screen and shows the mark/space
- states for RTTY and tone/no-tone states for CW reception.
-
- With some practice it is quite easy to determine the signal
- you are listening to by watching the SCOPE display. CW,
- AMTOR ARQ and FEC, Packet Radio and RTTY show their
- characteristic patterns and you can also watch unstable VFOs
- sweeping slowly across the band.
-
-
- 21. Spectrum function
-
- On entry to the Spectrum function a graphics mode according
- to the video card and monitor in use is activated.
-
- Every millisecond the current input frequency is checked.
- For every frequency there is a counter and the one that
- corresponds to the current frequency is incremented. All
- counter values are displayed as vertical lines with each
- sweep from left to right. The higher the count, the longer
- the line. What you see on the screen is therefore not the
- true audio spectrum but the result at the output of the tone
- decoder routine. An opamp and a few lines of code can't
- substitute a real spectrum analyzer.
-
-
-
-
- - 13 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- When set to 1Hz per pixel SPECTRUM has the best resolution of
- all display functions. For example, the actual shift used by
- an RTTY station can be determined quite accurately.
-
- The display can be controlled with the following keys:
-
- F1 display help screen
- F10 activate menu bar
- ESC same as F10
- '-' toggle raw/filtered data
- '+' toggle 'shaddow' (color displays only)
- '*' toggle dot/line mode
- HOME reset, start at 200Hz, 3Hz per pixel
- PG-UP zoom in
- PG-DOWN zoom out
- LEFT lower frequencies
- RIGHT higher frequencies
- SPACE clear display
- ENTER hold display
-
- The right mouse button holds the display at the end of the
- current sweep. The left mouse button activates the menu bar
- just like F10.
-
- If you have a slow PC then don't use the SPECTRUM function,
- you might get frustrated. There simply isn't enough CPU
- power to keep the display in motion. AT class maschines and
- real fast XTs should be ok.
-
- The SPECTRUM function has been found to be quite
- entertaining, especially with a color display. Next time you
- got visitors in your shack who don't know what's going on
- just start this function, turn the lights low and sweep
- across a crowded band.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 14 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
-
-
- 22. Bitlength statistics
-
- The BITLENGTH function is a graphics display of the MARK and
- SPACE pulse length as detected by HamComm. It's main purpose
- is to quickly get an idea about the speed of the signal.
-
- With every transition of the decoded MARK/SPACE signal a high
- or low pulse ends. The upper histogram shows the pulse
- duration statistics of the high pulses, the lower histogram
- shows the statistics of the low pulses.
-
- Before using this function the center frequency must be set
- to the center between the MARK and SPACE tones, otherwise the
- pulse width display will suffer from distortion.
-
- The shortest pulses of an RTTY signal are normally equal to
- the length of one bit. Therefore the leftmost peak indicates
- the baud rate of the incoming signal. A noisy signal
- produces lots of short spikes. They tend to accumulate at
- the left end of the histogram and should be ignored for baud
- analysis.
-
- The BITLENGTH function tries to identify the leftmost valid
- peek automatically, but this may fail with noisy signals.
- Below each histogram the baud rate corresponding to the
- highest peak is displayed. There is also a MARKER that can
- be moved freely using the LEFT and RIGHT keys.
-
- The display can be controlled with the following keys:
-
- F1 display help screen
- F10 activate menu bar
- ESC same as F10
- PG-UP zoom in
- PG-DOWN zoom out
- LEFT,RIGHT move marker
- CONTROL-LEFT move marker, fast mode
- CONTROL-RIGHT " " " "
- ENTER hold display
-
- The marker can also be controlled by moving the mouse while
- holding down the right mouse button. The baud number
- corresponding to the marker position is displayed at the
- upper left corner of the screen.
-
- The left mouse button activates the menu bar just like F10.
-
-
-
- - 15 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
-
-
- 23. Converter checkout
-
- So you have build the interface and made the neccessary
- connections to the radio. You fire up the program and you
- see - nothing.
-
- To find out what is going wrong let's start at the serial
- port. HamComm needs to know two parameters about a COM port:
-
- 1. the port address
- 2. the IRQ number
-
- The port address and IRQ number for COM1 and COM2 are
- standardized and therefore predefined in HC.CFG to the
- following values:
-
- addr IRQ
- COM1 3F8h 4
- COM2 2F8h 3
-
- For other serial ports there is no real standard, so COM3 and
- COM4 are not defined in the supplied HC.CFG. Undefined ports
- can not be selected from the PORT menu.
-
-
- 24. Port address
-
- Start the program and select entry 'HamComm' from the INFO
- menu. A small window appears displaying, among other things,
- the port address and IRQ of the serial ports as defined in
- HC.CFG. If the values for the port you want to use don't
- match the hardware, correct HC.CFG with a text editor.
-
- Remove the interface for now. Select the correct port from
- the port menu, then hit F3 to activate the RX/TX screen.
- Using a voltmeter check the RTS and DTR outputs of the serial
- port with respect to the GND pin. RTS should have a negative
- voltage and DTR should be positive.
-
- Now switch to transmit (TX) mode. This can be done from the
- MODE menu but it's easier to hit control-T. When switching
- to TX mode both RTS and DTR reverse their polarity, so RTS
- should now be positive and DTR should be negative.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 16 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- If they don't, here is a list of what might be wrong:
-
- - the voltmeter is broken.
-
- - you are measuring at the wrong socket.
- The serial ports of a PC are normally
- 25-pin or 9-pin male SUB-D sockets.
-
- - you are measuring at the wrong pins.
-
- 4 7 4 5
- RTS GND DTR GND
- ----1-----|-----|-----------13--- ----1-----|-|----
- \ | | / \ | | /
- \ o o o o o o o o o o o o o / \ o o o o o /
- \ o o o o o o o o o o o o / \ o o o o /
- \ | / \ | /
- 14-----------|---------25 \6-|---9/
- DTR RTS
- 20 7
-
- - you have selected the wrong com port. Check the PORT menu.
-
- - the port address as defined in HC.CFG for this port is not
- correct. Check the INFO menu and HC.CFG.
-
- - the com port has a different address from what you think.
- The address can often be selected with jumpers on the
- serial card. Check the documentation for your computer.
- On some newer PCs and notebooks the com port address can
- be changed or the port can be disabled with a setup
- program.
-
- - if only one of the signals (RTS or DTR) changes polarity,
- the line driver for the other signal may be broken.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 17 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
-
-
- 25. Op-Amp power supply
-
- Now let's take a look at the interface. By far the most
- common problems are:
- - wrong or missing connections
- - solder bridges and cold solder joints
-
- If you think the problem is with the interface take the time
- and carefully inspect it under a magnifying glass.
-
- If that doesn't work, proceed as follows.
-
- Switch off the computer and connect the interface to the
- serial port. Don't connect it to the radio yet, connect the
- audio input to GND. If possible the interface should be
- directly plugged to the com port. Any cable between the PC
- and the interface should be avoided, it may degrade the
- signal quality.
-
- Switch the PC on, start HamComm, select the right port from
- the PORT menu and hit F3 for the RX/TX screen. Check that
- RTS and DTR still change polarity when you toggle between RX
- and TX mode.
-
- Check the supply voltages at the op-amp with respect to GND.
- The positive voltage at pin 7 should be +5V or higher, the
- voltage at pin 4 should be -5V or lower (more negative).
-
- +V out
- 8 7 6 5
- | | | | Operational Amplifier
- |------------|
- | | LM741 or TL071
- | |
- |-| | DIL-8 package, top view
- | |
- |-| | +V = positive supply
- | | -V = negative supply
- | | -I = inverting input
- |------------| +I = non-inverting input
- | | | | out = output
- Pin 1 2 3 4
- -I +I -V
-
- Check the voltages both in RX and TX mode at the op-amp.
- Here they should NOT change polarity, otherwise the IC may be
- permanently damaged. If they do or if the readings change
- significantly in RX and TX mode, check the wiring and
-
- - 18 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- polarity of the four diodes between the PC and the op-amp.
- Also check the two capacitors used for buffering the supply.
-
- Although only a current of a few milliamperes is needed for
- the op-amp, some com ports can not deliver the required
- supply voltages. You may try to find an op-amp that draws
- less current but the easiest solution is to use two 9-Volt
- batteries:
- bat 1 bat 2
-
- || ||
- op-amp pin 7 <---||---GND---||---> op-amp pin 4
- +||- +||-
-
-
- If the power supply is ok we will now try to find out if the
- op-amp works correctly. First check the voltage at the
- inverting and non-inverting inputs. Both should read 0 or
- VERY close to 0 volts with respect to GND. If they don't,
- there is probably a wiring error or the chip is broken.
-
- Temporarily connect a resistor of about 1M (megaohm) between
- the non-inverting input (pin 3) and the positive supply (pin
- 7). Be very careful not to short any pins. The op-amp's
- output should go as high as it can go, which is normally
- about 1 volt below the positive supply.
-
- Remove the resistor and connect it between the input (pin 3)
- and the negative supply (pin 4). The output should now be as
- low as it can go, about 1 volt above (more positive) than the
- negative supply.
-
- Check the output signal directly at the DSR pin of the com
- port to make sure that the wiring is ok. This is only a very
- simple test wich the op-amp will only fail if it is badly
- damaged.
-
- The output of the op-amp will also be positve or negativ
- without the resistor. This is normal and doesn't mean that
- the chip is broken.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 19 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- 26. IRQ number
-
- Now connect the input of the interface to the audio output of
- the receiver. The op-amp is quite sensitive and should work
- even with very low signals. Some radios have a socket for a
- tape recorder where the amplitude is independent of the
- volume setting. Try that first.
-
- Tune in to some strong signal, preferably to a constant tone.
- At the DSR pin of the com port there should now be a square
- wave signal. The amplitude at DSR should have at least the
- +/-5V swing required to reliably drive an RS-232C input.
-
- Start HamComm to check if the signal at DSR generates
- interrupts. Select the right port from the PORT menu and try
- the TUNE, SCOPE or SPECTRUM function from the MODE menu.
-
- If all of these functions seem to be dead, HamComm doesn't
- get any hardware interrupts from the serial port. Select
- entry 'HamComm' from the INFO menu and check the displayed
- IRQ number for the port you want to use. If it's wrong,
- specify the right one in HC.CFG.
-
- Make sure that the port really uses the IRQ you think it
- does. Many serial cards have jumpers or small switches for
- IRQ line selection. Some newer PCs and notebooks can do this
- from a setup program.
-
- Please note, that an IRQ line can only be used by one device
- at a time. For example, if you have a mouse on IRQ 4 you
- can't use a COM port on the same IRQ at the same time.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 20 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
-
-
- 27. Appendix A - Interface schematics
-
- RS-232C
- Receive Circuit 25 9
- pin pin
- D1
- LM741-------*--------*-I<--*--> DTR 20 4
- | | | D2 |
- 3 |\ | | ---->I---
- >------||---*-----|+\ 7 | | |
- C1 | | \______|______|_|________> DSR 6 6
- 0.1uF | 2 | /6 | | | D3
- | ---|-/ | | --I<--
- Signal | | |/ |4 | | D4 |
- from / / ---*---|------*--->I--*--> RTS 4 7
- Receiver R1\ \R2 | | |
- 100K/ /100K | | + |
- \ \ === === C2,C3 |
- | | === === 1 uF |
- | | + | | 16V |
- >-----------*--*--------*---*--------------|--> GND 7 5
- | |
- PTT Circuit |E |
- (omit for receive-only) ^\ R3 | D1-D5
- Q1 \I 1K D5 | 1N914 or
- 2N2222 I---/\/\----I<--| 1N4148
- /I B
- PTT <----------------------/
- C
-
-
- Transmit Audio Circuit R2 R3
- (omit for receive-only) 15K 15K
- --------*---/\/\---*---/\/\----*----< Out
- C1 | | | R4 |
- .1 uF / R1 | | 220K\
- <----| |---->\ 10K === C2 === C3 / PC Speaker
- MIC / var. === .022 === .022 \
- Out | | uf | uF |
- <------------*-------*----------* *----< +5V
- |
- GND
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 21 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
-
-
- 28. Appendix B - Key assignment summary
-
- --- All Windows ---
-
- F1 display help text
- F2 RX/TX window, CW mode
- F3 RX/TX window, Baudot mode
- F4 RX/TX window, ASCII mode, 7 bit
- F5 RX/TX window, ASCII mode, 8 bit
- F6 Bitlength display
- F7 Spectrum display
- F8 Scope display
- F9 Tune window
- F10 Menu bar
-
- ALT-1 execute macro 1
- ALT-2 execute macro 2
- ALT-3 execute macro 3
- ALT-4 execute macro 4
- ALT-5 execute macro 5
- ALT-6 execute macro 6
- ALT-7 execute macro 7
- ALT-8 execute macro 8
- ALT-9 execute macro 9
- ALT-0 execute macro 0
-
- ALT-F4 Terminate programm
- ALT-F5 WX decoder off
- ALT-F6 WX decoder on
- ALT-F7 AFC off
- ALT-F8 AFC on
- ALT-F9 external converter off
- ALT-F10 external converter on
-
- ALT-C Callsign decoder
- ALT-X Terminate programm
-
-
- --- TUNE Window ---
-
- HOME reset center frequency
- LEFT decrease center frequency
- RIGHT increase center frequency
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 22 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- --- RX/TX Window ---
-
- SHIFT-F1 Standardtext 1
- SHIFT-F2 Standardtext 2
- SHIFT-F3 Standardtext 3
- SHIFT-F4 Standardtext 4
- SHIFT-F5 Standardtext 5
- SHIFT-F6 Standardtext 6
- SHIFT-F7 Standardtext 7
- SHIFT-F8 Standardtext 8
- SHIFT-F9 Standardtext 9
- SHIFT-F10 Standardtext 10
-
- LEFT move TX cursor left, 1 character
- RIGHT move TX cursor right, 1 character
- UP move TX cursor up, 1 line
- PAGE-UP move TX cursor up, 1 page
- DOWN move TX cursor down, 1 line
- PAGE-DOWN move TX cursor down, 1 page
- HOME move TX cursor to first line
- END move TX cursor to last line
- INSERT toggle insert mode on/off
- DELETE delete character under cursor
- BACKSPACE delete character left to cursor
- TAB toggle NORMAL/REVERSE keying direction
- ENTER transfer text line to transmit buffer
-
- CONTROL-A move TX cursor to beginning of line
- CONTROL-D insert time and date
- CONTROL-E move TX cursor to end of line
- CONTROL-F open/close logfile
- CONTROL-H same as BACKSPACE
- CONTROL-I same as TAB
- CONTROL-L toggle AutoUnshift on/off
- CONTROL-M same as ENTER
- CONTROL-P toggle transmit monitoring on/off
- CONTROL-S send textfile
- CONTROL-T toggle transmit/receive mode
- CONTROL-W toggle Line/Word mode
- CONTROL-X clear TX line
- CONTROL-Z insert time
-
- CONTROL-LEFT roll RX window backwards, 1 line
- CONTROL-HOME roll RX window backwards, 1 page
- CONTROL-RIGHT roll RX window forewards, 1 line
- CONTROL-END roll RX window forewards, 1 page
- CONTROL-PAGE-UP resize RX/TX window
- CONTROL-PAGE-DOWN " " "
-
-
-
- - 23 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Manual February 5th 1994
-
-
- --- SCOPE Display ---
-
- ESCAPE same as F10
- '+' toggle display of decoded signal
- '*' toggle grid display
- 'B' toggle position of red line
- HOME reset sample rate to 1ms
- PAGE-UP sample rate faster
- PAGE-DOWN sample rate slower
- ENTER hold display immediately
-
-
- --- SPECTRUM Display ---
-
- ESC same as F10
- '-' toggle raw/filtered data
- '+' toggle 'shaddow' (color displays only)
- '*' toggle dot/line mode
- HOME reset, start at 200Hz, 3Hz per pixel
- PAGE-UP zoom in
- PAGE-DOWN zoom out
- LEFT lower frequencies
- RIGHT higher frequencies
- SPACE clear display
- ENTER hold display
-
-
- --- BITLENGTH Display ---
-
- ESC same as F10
- PAGE-UP zoom in
- PAGE-DOWN zoom out
- LEFT move marker left
- RIGHT move marker right
- CONTROL-LEFT move marker left, fast mode
- CONTROL-RIGHT move marker right, fast mode
- SPACE clear display
- ENTER hold display
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 24 -
-
- HamComm 2.3 Index
-
-
- AFSK output................6
- Bitlength.................15
- CGA........................2
- Converter, external........7
- Converter..................5
- Converter.................16
- CW.........................8
- Desqview...................2
- EGA........................3
- ESC........................5
- Exclusion of warranty......2
- External AFSK..............7
- external converter.........7
- F1.........................5
- Floppy.....................2
- Function keys..............5
- Harddisk...................2
- HC.CFG.....................4
- Help system................5
- Installation...............3
- Interface schematics.......5
- Interface.................16
- Introduction...............1
- Laptop.....................4
- LCD........................4
- License....................1
- Macro files................9
- Macro keys.................8
- Menu bar...................4
- Multitasking...............2
- Operational Amplifier......5
- PTT circuit................6
- Receive circuit............5
- RTTY.......................8
- Scope function............12
- Screen layout..............4
- Selection..................4
- SHIP/SYNOP.................9
- Signal decoding............8
- Speaker....................6
- Spectrum function.........13
- Startup....................3
- SuperVGA...................3
- System requirements........2
- Transmit circuit...........6
- VGA........................3
- Video adapter..............2
- Windows....................2
- XT.........................2
-
-
- i
-
-